23考研外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练_考研辅导班费用是多少--考研网

23考研外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练_考研辅导班费用是多少

戳左上角蓝字“考研外刊阅读”关注我们

每天为您推送一篇考研英语来源期刊双语阅读

每天18：00，外刊君陪你考研

中国高翻团队倾力之作

全文字数：1724字

阅读时间：16分钟

上期翻译答案

It worsened amid supply chain strains linked to Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, and a wave of panic buying after stores including Walmart, Kroger and CVS started rationing sales.

随着新冠疫情和乌克兰战争导致的供应链紧张，以及沃尔玛、克罗格和CVS等商店开始限量销售后出现的恐慌性购买浪潮，情况进一步恶化。

1.ration: to control the supply of something because there is not enough

《本期内容》

双语阅读

During space missions lasting six months or longer, astronauts can experience bone loss equivalent to two decades of aging. A year of recovery in Earth’s gravity rebuilds about half of that lost bone strength, researchers report June 30 in Scientific Reports.

在历时六个月及以上的太空任务中，宇航员会经受相当于20年人体老化的骨质流失。研究人员6月30日在《科学报告》中表示，在地球引力的条件下，一年之后约有一半的骨骼强度能够恢复。

Gabel and her colleagues tracked 17 astronauts, 14 men and three women with the average age of 47, who spent from four to seven months in space. The team used high-resolutionperipheralquantitative computedtomography, or HR-pQCT, which can measure 3-D bone microarchitecture on scales of 61 microns, finer than the thickness of human hair, to image the bone structure of thetibiain the lower leg and the radius in the lower arm.

加贝尔和她的同事跟进了17名宇航员的信息，其中包括14名男性和3名女性，平均年龄47岁，他们在太空中待了4到7个月的时间。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

The team took these images at four points in time — before spaceflight, when the astronauts returned from space, and then six months and one year later — and used them to calculate bone strength and density. Astronauts in space for less than six months were able to regain their preflight bone strength after a year back in Earth’s gravity. But those in space longer had permanent bone loss in their shinbones, or tibias, equivalent to a decade of aging. Their lower-arm bones, or radii, showed almost no loss, likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bones, says Gabel.

研究小组在4个时间点拍摄了这些图像——太空飞行前，宇航员从太空返回时，以及返回6个月和1年后——并用这些仪器来计算骨骼强度和密度。在太空中待了不到六个月的宇航员在回到地球重力环境一年后就能恢复飞行前的骨骼强度。但那些在太空中待得更久的人，他们的小腿骨(或胫骨)会出现永久性骨质流失，相当于十年的老化。加贝尔说，他们的小臂骨，或者说桡骨，几乎没有出现骨质流失，可能因为这些不是承重骨。

Increasing weight lifting exercises in space could help alleviate bone loss, says Steven Boyd, also a Calgary exercise scientist. “A whole bunch ofstrutsand beams all held together give your bone its overall strength,” says Boyd. “Those struts or beams are what we lose in spaceflight.” Once these microscopic tissues calledtrabeculaeare gone, you can’t rebuild them, but you can strengthen the remaining ones, he says. The researchers found the remaining bone thickened upon return to Earth’s gravity.

卡尔加里运动科学家史蒂文·博伊德说，在太空中增加举重练习可以帮助减轻骨质流失。博伊德说：“一大堆横竖的骨骼结构连接在一起，给了你的骨骼全部的力量。”“这些横竖结构就是我们在太空飞行中失去的东西。”他说，一旦这些被称为骨小梁的微观组织消失，你就恢复不了它们，但你可以增强剩下的骨小梁的力量。研究人员发现，在回到地球引力的环境下，剩下的骨头密度增加了。

Gabel, Boyd and their colleagues hope to gain insight on how spending more than seven months in space affects bones. They are part of a planned NASA project to study the effects of a year in space on more than a dozen body systems. “We really hope that peoplehit a plateau, that they stop losing bone after a while,” says Boyd.

加贝尔、博伊德和他们的同事希望深入了解在太空中待7个多月对骨骼的影响。这是美国宇航局规划的项目之一，该项目研究在太空中生活一年对十几个身体系统的影响。博伊德说：“我们真的希望人们能达到一个停滞期，在一段时间后停止骨质流失。”

本文节选自：Science News（科学新闻）

发布时间：2022.06.30

作者：Liz Kruesi

原文标题：Six months in space leads to a decade’s worth of long-term bone loss

词汇积累

1. peripheral

/pəˈrɪfərəl/

adj. 次要的，附带的; 周边的; (剖)体表的; 周围神经系统的

n. (计算机的)外部设备

2. tomography

/təˈmɒɡrəfɪ/